Aplicações pré e pós-colheita de ácido giberélico e etefon modificam o amadurecimento e a vida útil refrigerada da acerola ‘Okinawa’

Alex Guimarães Sanches; Elem Maria Ferreira Feitosa

doi:10.31416/rsdv.v14i1.1055

Autores

Alex Guimarães Sanches Escola de Educação Tecnológica do Estado do Pará, EETEPA - Monte Alegre
Elem Maria Ferreira Feitosa Escola de Educação Tecnológica do Estado do Pará (EETEPA) - Juscelino Kubitschek

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31416/rsdv.v14i1.1055

Palavras-chave:

Malpighia emarginata D.C., Maturação, Conservação, Reguladores vegetais.

Resumo

In pre- and post-harvest, plant growth regulators have been used to accelerate/delay ripening and preserve fruit quality during storage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-harvest application of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and ethephon on the ripening and quality of acerola fruits during refrigerated storage. In pre-harvest, sprays with distilled water (control), GA3, and ethephon (75 and 150 mg. L^-1) were carried out twice with a five-day interval, and harvesting was carried out with red epicarp at 15, 20, 25, and 30 days. After harvest, acerola fruits were immersed in both regulators (75 and 150 mg. L^-1) and subsequently stored under refrigeration (12 ± 1 ºC and 90 ± 2% RH) for 12 days. Pre-harvest application of ethephon advanced harvest by 5 days, while application of 150 mg.L^-1 GA₃ delayed harvest by 10 days, resulting in fruit with reduced fresh weight loss and firmness, as well as higher vitamin C content. The use of GA₃ both pre- and post-harvest delays acerola ripening, allowing harvest to be delayed and storage to be extended by up to nine days. Ethephon, on the other hand, accelerates ripening, quickly making the fruit suitable for both harvesting and immediate consumption.

Biografia do Autor

Alex Guimarães Sanches, Escola de Educação Tecnológica do Estado do Pará, EETEPA - Monte Alegre

Engenheiro Agrônomo pela Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Mestre em Agronomia, com área de concentração em Fitotecnia, pela Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) e Doutor em Agronomia, com ênfase em Produção Vegetal, pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (UNESP/FCAV). Atualmente é Professor do Magistério Superior na Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Campus Monte Alegre, onde desenvolve atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão nas áreas de Fisiologia Pós-colheita (conservação e qualidade de produtos vegetais), Tecnologia de Alimentos (desenvolvimento de produtos de origem vegetal e animal, segurança alimentar e nutricional), Fruticultura (produção de mudas, manejo e nutrição de fruteiras tropicais) e Práticas Agrícolas Sustentáveis (aproveitamento de resíduos, sistemas agroflorestais e transição agroecológica), com enfoque tecnológico para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar na região amazônica.

Elem Maria Ferreira Feitosa, Escola de Educação Tecnológica do Estado do Pará (EETEPA) - Juscelino Kubitschek

Tecnológa em Segurança Alimentar, especialista em qualidade pós-colheita de produtos vegetais.

Referências

AL-DAIRI, M.; PATHARE, P. B.; AL-YAHYAI, R., OPARA, U. L. (2022). Mechanical damage of fresh produce in postharvest transportation: Current status and future prospects. Trends in Food Science & Technol. v. 124, p. 195-207, 2022.

AOAC, Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. 20. ed. Washington D.C: Ed. George, W., Latimer, J.R., p. 3172, 2016.

AL-QURASHI, A. D.; AWAD, M. A. Postharvest gibberellic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and calcium chloride dipping affect quality, antioxidant compounds, radical scavenging capacity and enzymes activities of ‘Grand Nain’bananas during shelf life. Sci. Hort. v. 253, p. 187-194, 2019.

ASREY, R.; SHARMA, S.; BARMAN, K.; PRAJAPATI, U.; NEGI, N.; MEENA, N. K. Biological and postharvest interventions to manage the ethylene in fruit: A review. Sustainable Food Technol. v.1, p. 346-351, 2023.

BONS, H. K.; KAUR, M. Role of plant growth regulators in improving fruit set, quality and yield of fruit crops: a review. The J. Hort. Sci. Biotech. v. 95, n. 2, p.137-146, 2020.

CHEN, T.; JI, D.; ZHANG, Z.; LI, B.; QIN, G.; TIAN, S. Advances and strategies for controlling the quality and safety of postharvest fruit. Engin. v. 7, n. 8, p. 1177-1184, 2021.

GHIMIRE, R.; YADAV, P. K.; KHANAL, S.; SHRESTHA, A. K.; DEVKOTA, A. R.; SHRESTHA, J. Effect of different levels of gibberellic acid and kinetin on quality and self-life of banana (Musa spp.) fruits. Heliyon, v. 7, p. 9 -18, 2021.

KARAGIANNIS, E. Postharvest physiology of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits and vegetables. In Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Post-Harvest Physiology of Horticultural Crops (pp. 1-21), 2024.

LI, C.; LU, X.; XU, J.; LIU, Y. Regulation of fruit ripening by MADS-box transcription factors. Sci. Hort. v. 314, p. 111950, 2023.

LI, Q.; WANG, G.; LAI, S.; ZHU, S. ABA and GA3 differentially regulate pineapple internal browning through modulating spermidine metabolism. LWT, v. 182, p. 114809, 2023.

MACEDO, J. J.; SANCHES, A. G., RABELO, M. C., LOPES, M. M., FREITAS, V. S., SILVEIRA, A. G., MIRANDA, M. R. A. Pulsed light influences several metabolic routes, delaying ripening and improving the postharvest quality of acerola. Sci. Hort. v. 307, p. 111505, 2023.

MDITSHWA, A.; MAGWAZA, L. S.; TESFAY, S. Z.; OPARA, U. L. Postharvest factors affecting vitamin C content of citrus fruits: A review. Sci. Hort. v. 218, p. 95-104, 2017.

MOURA, C. F.; OLIVEIRA, L. D. S.; DE SOUZA, K. O.; DA FRANCA, L. G.; RIBEIRO, L. B.; DE SOUZA, P. A.; MIRANDA, M. R. A. Acerola—Malpighia emarginata. In Exotic fruits, pp. 7-14, 2018.

QU, S.; LI, M.; WANG, G.; ZHU, S. Application of ABA and GA3 alleviated browning of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) for different strategies. Posth. Biol. Technol. v. 181, p. 111672, 2021.

R Core Team (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.

SANCHES, A. G.; FEITOSA, E. M. F. Ripening and postharvest quality of guavas treated with plant regulators. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, v. 7, 4, p. 407-418, 2024.

SOUZA, K. O.; SILVEIRA, A. G.; LOPES, M. M.; MOURA, C. F.; SILVA, E. O.; AYALA-ZAVALA, J. F.; MIRANDA, M. R. A. AVG and GA3 prevent preharvest fruit drop and enhance postharvest quality of'BRS 189'cashew. Sci. Hort. v. 257, p. 108771, 2019.

TORRES, E.; GINÉ-BORDONABA, J.; ASÍN, L. Thinning flat peaches with ethephon and its effect on endogenous ethylene production and fruit quality. Sci. Hort. v. 278, p. 109872, 2021.

WATKINS C. AND HARMAN J. Use of penetrometer to measure flesh firmness of fruit. The orchar New Zeal. v. 54, p. 4-16, 1981.

WU, X.; GONG, D.; ZHAO, K.; CHEN, D.; DONG, Y.; GAO, Y.; HAO, G. Research and development trends in plant growth regulators. Advanced Agrochem. v. 2, n. 1, p, 432-437, 2023.

YUN, Z.; GAO, H.; JIANG, Y. Insights into metabolomics in quality attributes of postharvest fruit. Curr. Opin. in Food Sci. v. 45, p. 100836, 2022.

ZHANG, P.; ZHOU, Z. Postharvest ethephon degreening improves fruit color, flavor quality and increases antioxidant capacity in ‘Eureka’lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.). Sci. Hort. v. 248, p. 70-80, 2019.

ZHANG, Z.; SHAO, S.; PAN, D.; WU, X. Role, residues and microbial degradation of plant growth regulators (PGRs): A scoping review. Advanced Agrochem. v. 2, p. 120,126, 2024.

ZHONG, X., ZHANG, M., TANG, T., ADHIKARI, B., MA, Y. Advances in intelligent detection, monitoring, and control for preserving the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables in the supply chain. Food Biosc. v.1, p.103350, 2023.